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Donnerstag, 17. Mai 2012     
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Cultural Development of Kutina

The well-preserved and recently restored church of St. Mary of Snow, dating from 1767, is another example of cultural values of Kutina. It was built owing to the efforts of Count Karlo Erdödy and his wife Marija Polixena, neé Kohary. The church is one of the most beautiful baroque structures in Croatia. It is surrounded by a cloister and the inside is rich in stucco decorations, statues and paintings with the dominating main altar. The frescoes, completed by Ivan Goerner in 1779, have a particular artistic merit.

The Moslavina Museum in Kutina was established in 1960 as a regional museum of the Moslavina municipalities of Čazma, Garešnica, Ivanić Grad and Kutina. It is situated in the former summer residence of the Erdödys, built in 18th C and expanded at the end of 19th C.

The museum collects and exhibits artefacts from the far and near history of Moslavina. It houses the history archives, archaeological and ethnographic collection. A gallery, opened in 1971, organizes exhibitions of paintings and sculptures.

The Kutina Open University has been active as a cultural and educational institution since 1952. It organizes film, music and theatre performances. The music and theatre section organizes visits to concerts and theatre shows in Zagreb, as well as performance of touring groups in Kutina.
The Boris Papandopulo music school nurtures music culture among youngsters.

 

  

 
Folk Customs
A lot of customs in Moslavina are connected with vineyards and vineyard huts. Social life that takes place there is an important part of traditional and contemporary ‘weekend culture’. It is expressed here in the rhymes of toasts, signs on traditional wine pots and in rituals and ceremonies on various occasions.

A large number of Moslavina inhabitants grow their own grapevine and make wine. Wine is offered both daily and on some special occasions. Every completed job is always celebrated with wine. At the end of the grape harvest, a toast is offered to the last grapevine, saying something like: “Our dear grapevine, we have picked you nicely and you have given us a good yield. So that God will give us even better harvest next year, we must not let you be thirsty or hungry. That is why we are going to feed you, pour you over with wine and finally cheer you up with our song.”

On 11 November is St. Martin’s Day, an ancient folk custom marking the turning of must into wine. It is yet another reason for people to gather and socialize in their vineyard huts. The ‘bishop’, who baptizes the must, can sing: “Must, I baptize you into wine in the name of Bacchus, the father of wine and Martin, his son and the holy ghost that makes the must ferment”.

St Vincent is celebrated on 22 January. It marks the opening of the work season in the vineyard. Friends and neighbours come to witness a pair of sausages being hung on a grapevine and poured over with wine. The purpose of this ritual is to hope for fertility and abundance in the oncoming year.

The contemporary development of wine growing and –making is linked to the Lujo Miklaužić Society of Wine and Fruit Growers. It organizes an annual wine exposition, held at the end of May, where over 200 wine samples from all parts of Croatia and some neighbouring countries are displayed and tasted. The exposition puts special emphasis on native wine sorts, which makes it unique in Croatia.

It is held in the Kutina Wine Court, which since 2002 has become a symbol of new wine-making, started here long ago by a local wine industry of which the only remains today are an old wooden cottage and wine cellar in Voloder.
The life in Moslavina today is inconceivable without its Wine Roads, established in 1995 by the Tourist Community of Kutina. They especially help promote the native sorts of Moslavina wines škrlet, dišeća ranina and moslavac.
The old customs of welcoming guests with bread (pogača, the unleavened round bread), cheese, salt and brandy on various occasions, have been kept alive in Kutina, Moslavina and Slavonija. At Christmas and Easter, a sweet, plaited bread (pletenica, svetečna hlebovina, vijenac) is made for guests. It is also an obligatory ceremonial gift of a baby shower visit (kumine košare).

Today the watermills on the Ilova River have disappeared, with only two remaining on the Pakra. There is still a mill in operation in the centre of Piljenice, driven by water. The Vaclavek Mill, since 2005 under protection of Ministry of Culture, is closed and may be opened as a museum of folk milling.

Despite the attempts of the former communist regime to ban it, the carnival in Kutinsko Selo has survived and has been held every year since mid-nineties, known as FUK (Fašnik u Kutini – Carnival in Kutina). The carnival time ends on a Tuesday before Ash Wednesday and is marked by a carnival procession with masked groups that frighten away the winter with their terrifying masks and noise. In the past, the masks were meant to fight the evil forces, demons and curses and possibly turn them into a benefit for man and his work. They used to sing and dance for a better yield of the crops. And were rewarded for their efforts with food and money.
 
Folklore events
Songs and dances from Moslavina, as well as from other parts of Croatia, have been continuously performed at festivals in Kutina, Voloder (Voloderske jeseni – Voloder Autumns) (since 1967) and Repušnica (since 1984), and at other smaller local shows, for the last 25 years. This strong desire to preserve the traditional is supported by the fact that folk festivals of the all-Croatian cultural association, Seljačka Sloga were held as early as the beginning of 20th century.

Next to folk festivals for adults, there are those displaying children folk performing skills. The Ivančice Folklore Performing Society has staged the Festival of Children’s Folklore for the fourth year in a row.

The City of Kutina Association of Folklore Performing Societies organizes a festival of folk singing groups, where groups from Moslavina, the whole county and other continental parts of Croatia take part. The purpose of the festivals and other presentations of material and spiritual heritage is to preserve the traditional art, national identity and diversity of the national folk culture.
 
National Costumes
The basic materials for making clothes in Moslavina came from flax and hemp, wool and cotton. The cultivation of these plants was similar in whole Moslavina and is in part typical of the whole Pannonian Croatia.

A loom (razboj, krosna or tara) was used for making many different kinds of linen; from the fine threads for festive occasions to the thick ones for workwear. Plain linen, without ornaments was called prostina. Linen could have ornaments in one or more colours. The technique of making ornaments on both sides of the linen was called vutlak, vutlek, u zev, u zijev, na daščicu or na paličke.

The woman’s costume from southern Moslavina is the kind worn by women in the Sava basin area. The older type includes a skirt with straps called rubača s pendelom, worn with a blouse with loose-fitting sleeves, called oplećak and a linen apron. During the last century, the costume was typically made up of a blouse with loose-fitting and richly embroidered sleeves (j)opleće), a skirt (rubača)  with vertical folds at the back, and an apron, called zaslon or zastor . The skirts were often pulled up to show the embroidered parts of the underskirt (rubačka, podsukljenka, kurta).

Girls used to wear their hair in one or two plaits, tied at the end with silk ribbons (pantlike). Immediately before or at their wedding, they would wear richly ornamented head piece, called parta, which distinguished them from married women who used to wear chignons (futa) and a small hat (poculica, halbica or mrama-peča).

Depending on the taste and the fashion of the time in a certain environment, women used to wear several underskirts in order to acquire a better figure. For the same reason, a supporting piece (torba, kušak, šunderci, buragi), a short, richly folded skirt, was worn under the skirt, tied around the waist.

In the mid-nineties, a blouse with close-fitting sleeves was introduced, cut out after the urban fashion (švabica). It was more convenient to wear while doing the everyday work. In cold weather, a waistcoat, or a short or longer jacket was worn on top (a)cabajke, rekleci, mandolinke, benke, jaklini), as well as a fur jacket or a woolen shawl.
Richly decorated clothes for celebrations were worn with accessories – brocade ribbons, folded into a rose or a butterfly (pantleki, podkraluži) and necklaces of red and white beads.

The national costume also gave in to ‘urban’ influence. In addition, peoples’ migrations greatly influenced its present appearance.

The man’s costume has been for the greater apart preserved as it used to be by the end of 19th C. It was the same in whole Moslavina. It was made of linen and consisted of loose-fitting trousers (gaće), long-sleeved shirt (rubina, rubača) and a vest (lajbec). The heads were covered by all sorts of different hats – in winter lamb-fur caps were worn. The traditional footwear (both male and female) consisted of foot cloths (o)jbojci) and on top of them a kind of leather strapped moccasins. Later, a different kind of leather moccasins were worn (s)kipetnjaci, ćotoši, žuti, saraši, putanci). Shoes and socks have been worn since 1920s.

At the Most Original Bride Contest held annually at Voloderske jeseni folk festival, the contestants in folk costumes, proudly and with great knowledge explain the names of particular garments, weaving and embroidery techniques, the meaning and symbols of colours and ornaments, special head coverings, occasions on which they were worn and the value of ornaments and jewels.
 
Pictures

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